#تـبـریـز_شهر_مهربانی 😍
#نوشتهای_در_یکی_از_کوچه_های_تبریز
تهیه از: پیمان پایدارTuesday, June 4, 2019
Monday, June 3, 2019
برنامه_کاوه_آهنگر:#قرار_دادن_اسم_رژیم#
در_لیست_تروریسم_به_نام_سپاه#
با قرار دادن سپاه در لیست سازمان های تروریستی، دولت ترامپ در واقع رژیم را در این لیست قرار داده است. در تحلیل این هفته خود، دکتر کوروش عرفانی به جنبه های گوناگون و عواقب داخلی و خارجی این حرکت که در راستای اجرایی کردن استراتژی جدید آمریکا در خاورمیانه است می پردازند. برنامه کاوه آهنگر و تلویزیون دیدگاه را به دیگر هموطنان معرفی نمایید. برنامه کاوه آهنگر ۳۰ فروردین ۹۸ / ۱۹ آوریل ۲۰۱۹ - کوروش عرفانی
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پیشگفتار
فراموش نکرده ایم که امپریالیسم آمریکا از زمان بوش پسر یعنی سال 2000،در حرف، ایران را جزو کمپ کشورهای شرور نامید. همان کشوری که در دوران انتخابات کذائی بین ریگان و کارتر و افشا شدن افتضاح "ایران گیت"،(بخوان فروش اسلحه و دگر تسلیحات جنگی به ایران در دوران جنگ امپریالیستی ایران و عراق و فرستادن کیک معروف به شکل کلید برای حفظ گروگانها تا انتخابات به نفع او وعلیه کارتر تمام شود- یعنی 1980) در ظاهر "دشمن" غرب بحساب میآمد...در زمان کلینتون و اوباما نیز در ظاهر جزو "دشمنان" پروپا قرص اسرائیل صهیونیست(بماند که احمقی نژاد ستون پنجمی آنچنان به نتانیاهو/صهیونیستها نون قرض میداد که نگو و نپرس) و حالا در دوران ترامپ الدنگ که اول با خروج از برجام و شرط و شروط 12 گانه برای ایران گذاشتن تا در مذاکره شرکت کنند... و امروز که با لغو همان شروط کذائی آنقدر به ضد و نقیض گوئی افتاده اند که بیا و ببین...در حقیقت نمیتوانند بین کمپ هم پیمانان امپریالیست اروپائی سرشان را بلند کنند !!
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سخن کوتاه: جناب عرفانی بیش از حد لیلی به لالای امپریالیسم ورشکسته آمریکا میگذاره و قدر قدرت میبیندش؛ فکر و خیال ورش داشته...منظور در مقابل با چین رو به رشدی که تا ده سال دیگر با افتتاح جاده ابریشم و ارتباطش با اروپا نونش بیش از پیش تو روغن خواهد بود و دلاری که به عنوان پول اول دنیا روز به روز داره زرتش قمصور میشه و...!! در ضمن این امپریالیسم آمریکاست که در جنگ تجاری و رقابت با اروپائی هائی که 30 سال آزگار در رابطه شان با ایران سودهای کلان بردند و از قبل اختلاسهای نجومی رانت خواران/ دزدان سرمایه داری ملایی و خروج دلار و پوند و یورو از ایران و واریز شدنشان به بانکهای کانادا و انگلیس و...دستشان کوتاه مانده و بهشون "زور" اومده...در هر حال تا وقتی رژیم ملایان با حفظ سیستم رانت خوار و نئولیبرال از یکطرف و سرکوب زحمتکشان در حفظ وابستگی شان به نظام سرمایه داری جهانی کوشا هستند امپریالیسم آمریکا نه تنها خشنود که باکی ندارد ...پس هی نگین آمریکا میخواد رژیم ملایان را بردارد و عوض کند. خیر،متاسفانه،هنوز تاریخ مصرفشان بسر نیومده !!
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در ضمن نقشه خاور میانه بزرگ و "معاهده قرن" کوشنری -داماد صهیونیست ترامپ- نیز با شکست مفتضحانه روبرو شده
و حالا حالاها مونده تا صبح دولتشان بدمد...مقاومت فلسطینیان و یمنی ها و شکست های آمریکا در سوریه و ونزوئلا خواب از چشمانشان ربوده ...خود کشورهای اروپائی نیز با مشکلات بزرگ اقتصادی و شبح فاشیسم روبرو هستند و انگلیس با برگزیت نیز قوز بالا قوزی شده که بیا و ببین...پس تا اطلاع ثانوی جناب عرفانی هر چی خواب دیدن خیر باشه
تهیه و پیشگفتار از: پیمان پایدار
دکتر_انوشه_عشق_حقیقی_و_عشق_مجازی#
قسمت_نخست#
قسمت_نخست#
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LqAfwgNmvqo
1:13:07
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قسمت_دوم#
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Sunday, June 2, 2019
#8_10_Million_Iranians_Died_over_Great_Famine
هشت_تا_ده_میلیون_ایرانی_از_قحطی_شدید_کشته_شدند#
#Caused_by_British_Empire_(#1917_1919),
که_توسط_امپراطوری_انگلیس_ایجاد_گردید#
#Documents_Reveal
اسناد_آشکار_شدند#
This article was originally published in November 2015.
The document in the American Archives, reporting the widespread famine and spread of epidemic disease in Iran, estimates the number of the deceased due to the famine to be about 8-10 million.
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One of the little-known chapters of history was the widespread famine in Iran during World War I, caused by the British presence in Iran. After the Russian Revolution of 1917, Britain became the main foreign power in Iran and this famine or–more accurately–‘genocide’ was committed by the British. The document in the American Archives, reporting the widespread famine and spread of epidemic disease in Iran, estimates the number of the deceased due to the famine to be about 8-10 million during 1917-19 (1), making this the greatest genocide of the 20th century and Iran the biggest victim of World War I (2).
It should be noted that Iran had been one of the main suppliers of food grains to the British forces stationed in the empire’s South Asian colonies. Although bad harvest during these two years made the situation worse, it was by no means the main reason why the Great Famine occurred. Prof. Gholi Majd of Princeton University writes in his book, The Great Famine and Genocide in Persia, that American documents show that the British prevented imports of wheat and other food grains into Iran from Mesopotamia, Asia, and also the USA, and that ships loaded with wheat were not allowed to unload at the port of Bushehr in the Persian Gulf. Professor Majd argues that Great Britain intentionally created genocide conditions to destroy Iran, and to effectively control the country for its own purposes. Major Donohoe describes Iran of that time as a “land of desolation and death” (3). But this event soon became the subject of a British cover up.
Britain has a long record of its several attempts to conceal history and rewrite it in their own favor. The pages are filled with conspiracies that were covered up by the British government to hide its involvement in different episodes that would tarnish the country’s image. One of the clear examples is the “Jameson Raid”; a failed coup against Paul Kruger’s government in South Africa. This raid was planned and executed directly by the British government of Joseph Chamberlain under the orders of Queen Victoria (4) (5). In 2002, Sir Graham Bower‘s memoirs were published in South Africa, revealing these involvements that had been covered up for more than a century, focusing attention on Bower as a scapegoat for the incident (6).
The records that were destroyed to cover up British crimes around the globe, or were kept in secret Foreign Office archives, so as to, not only protect the United Kingdom’s reputation, but also to shield the government from litigation, are indicative of the attempts made by the British to evade the consequences of their crimes. The papers at Hanslope Park also include the reports on the “elimination” of the colonial authority’s enemies in 1950s Malaya; records that show ministers in London knew of the torture and murder of Mau Mau insurgents in Kenya and roasting them alive (7). These records may include those related to Iran’s Great Famine. Why were these records that cover the darkest secrets of the British Empire destroyed or kept secret? Simply because they might ‘embarrass’ Her Majesty’s government (8).
A famine occurred in Ireland from 1845 until 1852 which killed one fourth of the Irish population. This famine was caused by British policies and faced a large cover up attempt by the British government and crown to blame it on ‘potatoes’ (9). The famine, even today, is famous in the world as the “potato famine” when, in reality, it was a result of a planned food shortage and thus a deliberate genocide by the British government (10).
The true face of this famine as a genocide has been proven by historian Tim Pat Coogan in his book The Famine Plot: England’s Role in Ireland’s Greatest Tragedy published by Palgrave MacMillan (11). A ceremony was planned to take place in the US to unveil Coogan’s book in America, but he was denied a visa by the American embassy in Dublin (12).
Therefore it becomes obvious that Britain’s role in Iran’s Great famine, which killed nearly half of Iran’s population, was not unprecedented. The documents published by the British government overlook the genocide, and consequently, the tragedy underwent an attempted cover-up by the British government. The Foreign Office “handbook on Iran” of 1919 mentioned nothing related to the Great Famine.
Julian Bharier, a scholar who studied Iran’s population, built his “backward projection” estimation of Iran’s population (13) based on reports from this “handbook” and, as a result, ignored the effect of the Great Famine on Iran’s population in 1917. Bharier’s estimations were used by some authors to deny the occurrence of the Great Famine or to underestimate its impacts.
By ignoring Iran’s Great Famine in his estimations, Bharier’s work faces four scientific deficiencies. Bharier does not consider the loss of population caused by the famine in his calculations; he needs to ‘adjust’ the figure of the official census in 1956 from 18.97 million to 20.37 million, and this is despite the fact that he uses 1956 census as his primary building block for his “backward projection” model. He also ignores the official growth rates and uses his personal assumptions in this regard, which is far lower than other estimates. Finally, although Bharier frequently cites Amani’s estimates (14), in the end Bharier’s findings contradict that of Amani’s; notably Bharier’s population estimate for 1911 is 12.19 million while Amani put this figure at 10.94 million.
Despite deficiencies in the population estimates offered by Bharier for the period of the Famine and its earlier period, his article offers useful data for the post-Famine period; this is because these figures are generated from 1956 backward. That is to say, numbers generated from 1956 to 1919 are thus credible because they do not include the period of famine. Moreover, this portion of Bharier’s data are also true to that of the American Legation. For example, Caldwell and Sykes estimate the 1919 population at 10 million, which is comparitive to Bharier’s figure of 11 million.
Gholi Majd was not the first author to refute Bharier’s figures for this period. Gad G. Gilbar, in his 1976 article on demographic developments during the second half of the 19th century and the first decade of the 20th century, also considers Bharier’s estimates inaccurate for the period.
In an apparently biased review of Majd’s work, Willem Floor confirms Bharier’s model (15), despite its apparent deficiencies, and takes a mocking tone toward the well- documented work of Gholi Majd to undermine the devastation caused by the British-instigated famine in Iran, to the point of total denial of the existence of such a genocide. Floor also offers inaccurate or untrue information to oppose the fact that the British deprived Iranians from honey and caviar in the north, as he argues caviar was haram (religiously prohibited), while no such fatwa has ever existed in Shia jurisprudence and all available decrees assert that caviar is halal or permissible under the Islamic law. There was a rumor made up by Russians at the time, saying that Caviar was haram and Britain made full use of this rumor.
Another criticism made by Floor was to question why Majd’s work does not use British archival sources. A more important question is why Majd should have used these sources when they totally ignore the occurrence of the famine in Iran. The fact that Majd used mainly US sources seems to be reasonable on the grounds that the US was neutral toward the state of affairs in Iran at the time, and made efforts to help by feeding them (16).
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Sadegh Abbasi is a M.A. student at Tehran University. As a student in history he has also worked as a contributor to different Iranian news agencies.
Notes
1. Majd, Mohammad Gholi. The Great Famine & Genocide in Iran: 1917-1919. Lanham : University Press of America, 2013. p.71: https://books.google.com/books?id=5WgSAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA71&lpg.
2. Sniegoski, Stephen J. Iran as a Twentieth Century Victim: 1900 Through the Aftermath of World War II. mycatbirdseat.com. [Online] 11 10, 2013. [Cited: 10 12, 2015.] http://mycatbirdseat.com/2013/11/iran-twentieth-century-victim-1900-aftermath-world-war-ii/.
3. Donohoe, Major M. H. With The Persian Expedition. London : Edward Arnold, 1919. p. 76.
4. Nelson, Michael and Briggs, Asa. Queen Victoria and the Discovery of the Riviera. London : Tauris Parke Paperbacks, 2007. p. 97: https://books.google.com/books?id=6ISE-ZEBfy4C&pg=PA97&lpg.
5. Bower, Graham. Sir Graham Bower’s Secret History of the Jameson Raid and the South African Crisis, 1895-1902. Cape Town : Van Riebeeck Society, 2002. p. xii: https://books.google.fr/books?id=VFYFZKRBXz0C&pg=PR23&lpg.
6. Ibid. p. xvii.
7. Cobain, Ian, Bowcott, Owen and Norton-Taylor, Richard. Britain destroyed records of colonial crimes . The Guardian. [Online] 03 17, 2012. [Cited: 10 10, 2015.] http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/apr/18/britain-destroyed-records-colonial-crimes.
8. Walton, Calder. Empire of Secrets: British Intelligence, the Cold War, and the Twilight of Empire. New York : The Overlook Press, 2013. p. 15: https://books.google.fr/books?id=f2cjCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT15&lpg.
9. Warfield, Brian. History Corner: The Great Irish Famine. wolfetonesofficialsite.com. [Online] [Cited: 10 12, 2015.] http://www.wolfetonesofficialsite.com/famine.htm.
10. Britain’s Cover Up. irishholocaust.org. [Online] [Cited: 10 12, 2015.] http://www.irishholocaust.org/britain’scoverup.
11. Coogan, Tim Pat. The Famine Plot: England’s Role in Ireland’s Greatest Tragedy. New York : Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.
12. O’Dowd, Niall. Proving the Irish Famine was genocide by the British. IrishCentral. [Online] 08 06, 2015. [Cited: 10 12, 2015.] http://www.irishcentral.com/news/proving-the-irish-famine-was-genocide-by-the-british-tim-pat-coogan-moves-famine-history-unto-a-new-plane-181984471-238161151.html.
13. Bharier, Julien. A Note on the Population of Iran, 1900-1966 . Population Studies. 1968, Vol. 22, 2.
14. Amani, Mehdi. La population de l’Iran. Population (French Edition). 1972, Vol. 27, 3: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1529398.
15. Floor, Willem. Reviewed Work: The Great Famine and Genocide in Persia, 1917-1919 by Mohammad Gholi Majd . Iranian Studies. Iran Facing the New Century, 2005, Vol. 38, 1.
16. Fecitt, Harry. Other Theatres of War. westernfrontassociation.com. [Online] 09 29, 2013. [Cited: 10 12, 2015.] http://www.westernfrontassociation.com/the-great-war/great-war-on-land/other-war-theatres/3305-dunsterforce-part-1.html.
Featured image is from Khamenei.ir
The original source of this article is Khamenei.ir
Copyright © Sadegh Abbasi, Khamenei.ir, 2019
==================================================The Great Famine & Genocide in Iran
At least 8–10 million Iranians out of a population of 18–20 million died of starvation and disease during the famine of 1917–1919. The Iranian holocaust was the biggest calamity of World War I and one of the worst genocides of the 20th century, yet it remained concealed for nearly a century. The 2003 edition of this book relied primarily on US diplomatic records and memoirs of British officers who served in Iran in World War I, but in this edition these documents have been supplemented with US military records, British official sources, memoirs, diaries of notable Iranians, and a wide array of Iranian newspaper reports. In addition, the demographic data has been expanded to include newly discovered US State Department documents on Iran’s pre-1914 population. This book also includes a new chapter with a detailed military and political history of Iran in World War I. A work of enduring value, Majd provides a comprehensive account of Iran’s greatest calamity.
#غلط_ننویسیم_درست_بنویسیم
وام گزار
"گُزاردن" یعنی ادا کردن و وام گزاردن یعنی "ادا کردن وام و بازپس دادن وام.
:مثال
هزار بوسه فزون است بر لب تو مرا"
"تو وامدار منی خیز و وام من بگزار
(فرخی)
.بنابراین وام گزار به کسی که وام خود را باز پس می دهد اطلاق می شود
.گاهی این کلمه را به صورت وام گذار می نویسند و غلط است
ابوالحسن نجفی
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