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https://www.10news.com/news/local-news/states-have-authority-to-fine-or-jail-people-who-refuse-coronavirus-vaccine-attorney-says?fbclid=IwAR3WzHwpblpcrbmFDjssSvbyDdcND3X-6ObrQxD6F0BA6xHS-Owa2kmgEKw

تهیه و ترجمه نیمی از مقاله از: پیمان پایدار

By: Derek Staahl

*

 

Aug 07, 2020

 

and last updated  Aug 11, 2020

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- As drugmakers race to develop a vaccine against the coronavirus, several legal questions are emerging: could the government require people to get it? Could people who refuse to roll up their sleeves get banned from stores or lose their jobs?

 سَندیه گو-کالیفرنیا (تلویزیون کی جی ) - در حالی که تولیدکنندگان دارو برای تولید واکسن علیه ویروس کرونا در حال رقابت هستند ، چندین سئوال قانونی در حال ظهور است: آیا دولت می تواند مردم را مجبور به زدن این واکسن بکند؟ آیا افرادی که از آستین بالا زدن امتناع می کنند ، می توانند از فروشگاه منع شوند یا شغل خود را از دست بدهند؟

The short answer is yes, according to Dov Fox, a law professor and the director of the Center for Health Law Policy and Bioethics at the University of San Diego.

به گفته داو فاکس ، استاد حقوق و مدیر مرکز سیاست های قانون بهداشت و اخلاق زیستی در دانشگاه سن دیگو ، پاسخ کوتاه مثبت است.

“States can compel vaccinations in more or less intrusive ways,” he said in an interview. “They can limit access to schools or services or jobs if people don’t get vaccinated. They could force them to pay a fine or even lock them up in jail.”

وی در مصاحبه ای گفت: "كشورها می توانند واكسیناسیون را به روشهای كم و بیش اجباری كنند." اگر افراد واکسینه نشوند ، دولتها می توانند دسترسی آنها به مدارس یا خدمات یا مشاغل را محدود کنند. آنها می توانند آنها را مجبور به پرداخت جریمه نقدی یا حتی حبس در زندان کنند. "

Fox noted authorities in the United States have never attempted to jail people for refusing to vaccinate, but other countries like France have adopted the aggressive tactic.

فاکس خاطرنشان کرد مقامات در ایالات متحده هرگز به دلیل امتناع از واکسیناسیون اقدام به زندانی کردن مردم نکرده اند ، اما کشورهای دیگر مانند فرانسه این تاکتیک تهاجمی را در پیش گرفته اند.

The legal precedent dates back to 1905. In a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case, Jacobson v. Massachusetts, the court ruled Massachusetts had the authority to fine people who refused vaccinations for smallpox.

 سابقه قانونی به سال 1905 برمی گردد. در یک پرونده برجسته دادگاه عالی ایالات متحده ، جاکوبسون علیه ماساچوست ، دادگاه حکم داد که ماساچوست اختیار جریمه افرادی را دارد که از واکسیناسیون آبله خودداری می کنند.

That case formed the legal basis for vaccine requirements at schools and has been upheld in subsequent decisions.

این پرونده اساس قانونی نیازهای واکسن زدن در مدارس را تشکیل داد و در تصمیمات بعدی نیز تأیید شده است.

“Courts have found that when medical necessity requires it, the public health outweighs the individual rights and liberties at stake,” Fox said.

فاکس گفت: "دادگاه ها دریافتند که در صورت نیاز پزشکی ، بهداشت عمومی بیش از حقوق و آزادی های فردیِ در معرض خطر است."

In 2019, New York City passed an ordinance that fined people who refused a measles vaccination.در سال 2019 ، شهر نیویورک مصوبه ای را تصویب کرد که افرادی که واکسیناسیون سرخک را رد می کنند جریمه می شوند.

That said, recent protests over face coverings show there could be a significant backlash to a vaccine mandate, Fox said. Just because states have the power to do it, doesn’t mean it’s the best public policy, he added.

Although states would have the authority to mandate vaccinations, there’s more doubt about whether Congress could enact a federal requirement.

The most likely federal vaccination requirement would come in the form of a tax penalty, but Fox said given the current composition of the Supreme Court, a federal vaccine requirement would likely be found unconstitutional.

Opponents of a federal mandate would cite the Supreme Court’s 2012 decision on the Affordable Care Act, Fox said. In that case, the justices ruled that Congress could not use its powers to regulate interstate commerce to require people to buy health insurance, even though the ACA’s individual mandate was ultimately upheld on separate grounds.

That means the U.S. could have a patchwork of different vaccine requirements in different states.

States that explore a vaccine requirement should only do so if the vaccine is widely and readily available, Fox said.

“Otherwise you create an underclass of people who are less safe and without access to the basic means of society,” he said.

States would need to allow exemptions for people with legitimate medical risks, like pregnancy, but not exemptions on religious or philosophical grounds, he said.

“Religious exemptions are not constitutionally required by the First Amendment’s Free Exercise clause, provided that the vaccine mandates don’t single out religion; they’re not motivated by a desire to interfere with it,” he said.

In the workplace, private employers would have a lot of flexibility to require vaccinations and fire workers who refuse them for anything but legitimate medical concerns.

As long as employers show there are significant costs associated with having unvaccinated workers, they would not need to offer religious exemptions to employees, Fox said.

Under the 1964 Civil Rights Act, employers are not required to accommodate religious employees if doing so would pose more than a “de minimis,” or minimal cost.

10NEWS.COM

States have authority to fine or jail people who refuse the coronavirus vaccine, attorney says