If Palestine is the Jewish PROMISED homeland, then why there were many proposals to establish it???اگر فلسطین میهن موعود یهودی ها است ، پس چرا پیشنهادهای زیادی برای تأسیس آن ارائه شد؟؟؟تهیه و ترجمه سرنویس(عنوان): از پیمان پایدار
PROPOSALS FOR ALTERNATIVE JEWISH HOMELANDS
Wikipedia
MAJOR PROPOSALS
1 Andina Plan
(Spanish: plan Andina) refers to both former ideas (dating to the 19th century) to establish a Jewish state in parts of Argentina
2 Ararat city
In 1820, in a precursor to modern Zionism, Mordecai Manuel Noah tried to found a Jewish homeland at Grand Island in the Niagara River, to be called "Ararat," after Mount Ararat,
3 British Uganda Program
The British Uganda Program was a plan to give a portion of British East Africa to the Jewish people as a homeland.
The offer was first made by British Colonial Secretary Joseph Chamberlain to Theodore Herzl's Zionist group in 1903. He offered 5,000 square miles (13,000 km2) of the Mau Plateau in what is today Kenya. The offer was a response to pogroms against the Jews in Russia, and it was hoped the area could be a refuge from persecution for the Jewish people.
4 Jewish Autonomous Oblast in USSR
On March 28, 1928, the Presidium of the General Executive Committee of the USSR passed the decree "On the attaching for Komzet of free territory near the Amur River in the Far East for settlement of the working Jews." The decree meant that there was "a possibility of establishment of a Jewish administrative-territorial unit on the territory of the called region".
5 Fugu plan
Refers to memoranda written in the 1930s Imperial Japan proposing settling Jewish refugees escaping Nazi-occupied Europe in Japanese territories
6 Madagascar plan
A suggested policy of the Third Reich government of Nazi Germany to forcibly relocate the Jewish population of Europe to the island of Madagascar.
7 British Guiana
In March 1940, the issue of an alternative Jewish Homeland was raised and British Guiana (now Guyana) was discussed in this context. But the British Government decided that "the problem is at present too problematical to admit of the adoption of a definite policy and must be left for the decision of some future Government in years to come".[16]
OTHER JEWISH SELF-GOVERNANCE PROPOSALS
Ancient Proposals
Adiabene –
An ancient kingdom in Mesopotamia with its capital at Arbil was ruled by Jewish converts during the first century.
Anila and Asinai –
Babylonian-Jewish chieftains.
Mshoza –
During the beginning of the sixth-century Mar-Zutra II formed a politically independent state where he ruled from Mahoza for about 7 years.
Nehardea –
The seat of the exilarch in Babylonia.
Khaybar –
A self-governed oasis in Arabia.
Himyar –
There were many Jewish kings at this region of Yemen since 390 CE when a local chieftain named Tub'a Abu Kariba As'ad formed an Empire.
The Kingdom of Semien –
A Jewish kingdom in Ethiopia
Touat –
A self-governed oasis in Algeria
Middle ages to 19th century
The Resh Galuta or Exilarch
Exercised considerable authority over the Jewish community in the Persian Empire and later the Caliphate
Khazar kingdom –
During the Middle Ages, Khazaria's official religion was Judaism. Jewish scholars and refugees were actively invited to settle within Khazar territory, particularly in Tmutarakan and Crimea.
Makhir of Narbonne
And possibly his descendants were acknowledged by the Carolingian emperors as ethnarchs of western Jewry, with their seat at Narbonne
Council of Four Lands –
The central body of Jewish authority in Poland from 1580 to 1764. Seventy delegates from local kehillot met to discuss taxation and other issues important to the Jewish community. The "four lands" were Greater Poland, Little Poland, Ruthenia, and Volhynia.
Principality of Malabar
From the eighth century to 1524 the Cochin Jews had an ethnarch ruling over them.
The Mountain Jews of remote parts of Daghestan
Were self-ruling for much of the medieval and early modern period.
Jarawa Berber tribe on the Maghreb
In the seventh century, believed to be Jews, and resisted arabicization under the leadership of Queen Kahina.
Jodensavanne:
An attempt to establish a safe haven for Jews in Surinam
Banou Israel:
Tribe of Jews of Bilad el-Sudan in Fati Lake Mali
Recent Proposals
Location of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast in the Russian Federation.
In the early 20th century Cyprus and El Arish on the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt and its environs were proposed as a site for Jewish settlement by Herzl.
A Jewish "republic" under Arab or Transjordanian suzerainty
This was put forward by the Hashemite kings of Hejaz and emirs of Transjordan; the closest these proposals came to fruition was the Faisal-Weizmann Agreement, which proved to be impossible to implement subsequent to the division of the Levant into League of Nations Mandates.
Eastern Arabia
A Russian Jewish doctor residing in France named Dr. M L Rothstein proposed the establishment of a Jewish state in Al-Hasa modern-day Saudi Arabia in September 1917.
Jewish Autonomous Oblast
Was a region created by the Soviet Union in the Russian Far East. It has been in existence from 1934 to the present.
Salonika in the Ottoman Empire
Was populated mainly by Sephardim with Judeo-Spanish as the main language. After its incorporation to the Kingdom of Greece, it remained very Jewish until the arrival of Greek refugees from Anatolia in the 1920s.
Albania
In 1935, British Zionist journalist Leo Elton traveled to Albania, apparently at his own initiative, to see if it would be possible to establish a Jewish national entity there. The Kimberley Plan was a failed plan by the Freeland League, led by Isaac Nachman Steinberg, to resettle Jewish refugees from Europe in the Kimberley region in Australia before and during the Holocaust.
In 1941 from Lord Moyne's
East Prussia after Germany was defeated and the area's German inhabitants were expelled.
Kiryas Joel, New York
A town composed largely of Yiddish-speaking Hasidic Jews.
Qırmızı Qəsəbə (formerly in Russian: Krasnaya Sloboda, English: Red Town)–
The town is the primary settlement of Azerbaijan's population of Mountain Jews, who make up the population of approximately 4,000.
Sitka, Alaska –
A plan for Jews to settle the Sitka area in Alaska
Vietnam
Vietnamese government officials in 2005, told Israeli officials of a plan discussed between Ho Chi Minh and Moshe Dayan to invite Jews to live in the country. No documentation of the offer and discussion has yet been made available.
(Editors Note Tiberias proposed, and initially settled about 1560 was the only Jewish state in the area later occupied by Israel (see Dona Gracia Mendes and a Jewish State in Tiberias)
Following the creation of the State of Israel, the goal of establishing a Jewish state was achieved. However, since then, there have been some proposals for a second Jewish state, in addition to Israel:
- Many Israeli settlers in the West Bank have mulled declaring independence as the State of Judea should Israel ever withdraw from the
- West Bank. The idea first surfaced following the PLO's declaration of a
- Palestinian state in 1988. Some settler
- activists feared that Israel would bow to international pressure and
- withdraw from the West Bank, and sought to lay the groundwork for a religious state in the West
- The bank should this come to pass. In January 1989, several hundred
- activists met and
- their intention to create such a state in the event of Israeli withdrawal.
- The idea has been raised multiple times since.
- In May 2007, Israeli art student Ronen Eidelman, who was studying in Germany at the
- time, launched the "Medinat Weimar"
- movement, a political movement for the establishment of a second Jewish state in Thuringia, Germany, with Weimar as its capital.[30]
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